Invisible Lighthouse -> Language Lab -> Vital English Vocabulary
In an effort to determine the most important words in the English language, with an eye toward creating a list of `core concepts' for use in constructing artificial languages, I have surveyed five word-lists and created a sort of spreadsheet showing the items and indicating which lists include each item. There are 2,327 items listed.
I surveyed two constructed dialects of English that have been extensively tested and have shown their usefulness. (I deliberately avoided contrived subsets of English that have only been `tested' by their own enthusiastic devotees, such as Ogden's Basic English and Hogben's Essential World English.) I also examined two word frequency surveys that were both readily available and also seemed most likely to provide useful real-world information. And in an effort to make the project slightly less anglocentric, I included information from the Japanese language.
The word-lists used in this project are:
Special English, a variety of English developed by the United States Information Agency for use in some of the Voice of America's international news broadcasts and entertainment programs. Using this limited vocabulary of about 1400 items, it is possible to discuss current events and a variety of other topics. (Note: numeral words like two are not explicitly listed in the Special English vocabulary, but I suspect that they are indeed part of the language.)
The Longman Defining Vocabulary. All the definitions in the Longman Dictionary are written using this limited vocabulary.
Eaton's Semantic Frequency List, which purports to be a survey of the most frequent lexical concepts in English, French, German and Spanish. I limited my use of this list to the 1018 most frequent items.
The most frequent 1,000 English lexical items according to a survey of the British National Corpus, circa 1996. The BNC contains transcribed conversation and oratory as well as printed textual material and text from the Internet. Contractions, plurals and conjugated forms are included in the BNC as separate items, but in this document I have consolidated these variants with their `root' forms.
The first 881 items in the Jooyoo Kanji (characters for daily use) List recommended by the Japanese Language Council in 1981. These 881 characters are taught during the first six years of school in Japan. I focused on the most common meaning(s) of each character; many of the characters are used in unexpected ways when combined with other characters to form compounds. I omitted from this document the meanings of kanji that have mainly grammatical functions (e.g. forming ordinal numerals). I also omitted the meanings of characters that did not overlap any of the English keywords already in the list, including the following interesting items:
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I have omitted proper nouns and a few idiosyncratic items from this compilation. The manner in which I arranged items and combined some pairs of closely related words into single items might not be agreeable to everyone.
Inventors of new languages must be careful not to assume that a word-list is a list of concepts. Many common English words represent two or more different concepts. For example, spring can mean `the season that precedes summer' or `a natural source of water' or `an elastic metal helix.' Also, it is common to find that a single concept is represented by two or more different words, e.g. `approximately' and `roughly.' Other languages do not map and overlap concepts in the same way as English.
To be useful and robust, a vocabulary needs many items that will not be found in this very basic vocabulary list. You will need words for units of currency and units of measure (volume, area, length, weight). The days of the week, the months, and years may require names. There must be words for many plant and animal species, geographical features, and weather phenomena. Tools and utensils, musical instruments, and types of garments must be named. Words that describe a broad range of colors and the shapes of 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional objects are required in many fields of endeavor, as are names for elements and common substances and materials. Proper nouns that will be needed include names of cities, regions, countries, continents; races, cultures, languages; the names of planets, stars, and constellations; and names for individual persons. In spelling words aloud, reciting equations and so forth, it is necessary to have pronounceable names for letters of the alphabet and for punctuation marks.
Each lexical item is followed by one or more abbreviations indicating which of the five word-lists include it:
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examples:
ability/able SpE LDV SFL BNC |
This indicates that ability and/or able appear in four of the
word-lists.
admire/-ation LDV |
This indicates that admire and admiration both appear in the LDV but not in any of the other word-lists.
a/an SpE LDV SFL BNC ability/able SpE LDV SFL BNC about SpE LDV SFL BNC above SpE LDV SFL BNC abroad LDV absence/absent LDV accept/-able SpE LDV SFL JKL accident SpE LDV accordance LDV according (to) LDV BNC account LDV SFL BNC accuse SpE accustomed to SFL JKL ache LDV acid LDV JKL across SpE LDV SFL BNC act SpE LDV SFL BNC action LDV BNC active LDV BNC JKL activist SpE actor/actress SpE LDV actual(ly) LDV BNC JKL add/addition SpE LDV JKL address LDV adjective LDV administration SpE admire/-ation LDV admit SpE LDV SFL adult LDV advance LDV SFL advantage LDV JKL adventure LDV adverb LDV advertise/-ment LDV advice/advise SpE LDV SFL BNC affair LDV JKL affect SpE afford LDV afraid SpE LDV SFL after SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL afternoon LDV afterwards LDV again SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL against SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL age SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL agency SpE JKL aggression SpE ago SpE LDV BNC agree/-ment SpE LDV BNC agriculture SpE JKL ah BNC ahead LDV aid SpE aim SpE LDV air SpE LDV SFL BNC air force SpE LDV aircraft carrier SpE aircraft/airplane SpE LDV airport SpE LDV alcohol LDV alike LDV alive SpE LDV all SpE LDV SFL BNC allow LDV SFL JKL ally SpE almost SpE LDV SFL BNC alone SpE LDV SFL JKL along SpE LDV aloud LDV alphabet LDV already SpE LDV SFL BNC also SpE LDV SFL BNC although SpE LDV SFL BNC altogether LDV always SpE LDV SFL BNC ambassador SpE amend SpE ammunition SpE among SpE LDV SFL BNC amount SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL amuse/-ment/-ing LDV analysis BNC anarchy SpE ancient SpE LDV JKL and SpE LDV SFL BNC anger/angry SpE LDV angle LDV animal/beast SpE LDV SFL ankle LDV anniversary SpE announce SpE annoy/-ance LDV another SpE LDV SFL BNC answer SpE LDV SFL JKL ant LDV anxiety/anxious LDV any SpE LDV SFL BNC anyhow LDV anyone LDV BNC anything LDV SFL BNC anyway BNC anywhere LDV apart LDV apologize SpE apparatus LDV appeal SpE appear/-ance SpE LDV SFL JKL apple LDV appoint SpE LDV approach BNC appropriate BNC approve/approval SpE LDV arch LDV area SpE LDV BNC argue/-ment SpE LDV JKL arm LDV SFL armor LDV arms SpE LDV SFL BNC army SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL around SpE LDV SFL BNC arrange/-ment LDV arrest SpE arrive/arrival SpE LDV SFL art SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL article LDV SFL artificial LDV artillery SpE as SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL as if BNC as well BNC as well as BNC ash SpE LDV ashamed LDV aside LDV ask SpE LDV SFL BNC asleep LDV association LDV astronaut SpE asylum SpE at SpE LDV SFL BNC at all BNC at least BNC atmosphere SpE atom SpE LDV attack SpE LDV JKL attempt SpE LDV attend/-ance SpE LDV attention LDV BNC attract/-ive LDV aunt LDV authority/-ies BNC automobile SpE autumn SpE LDV JKL available BNC average LDV avoid LDV JKL awake SpE LDV JKL award SpE aware BNC away SpE LDV SFL BNC awkward LDV baby LDV back [aj/n] SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL background LDV backward/-s LDV bacteria LDV bad SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL bag LDV bake LDV balance SpE LDV ball SpE LDV JKL balloon SpE ballot SpE ban SpE banana LDV band LDV bank [money] SpE LDV BNC bank [shore] SpE bar SpE LDV bare LDV barrel LDV base SpE LDV basic/basis BNC basket LDV bath/-e LDV battle SpE LDV SFL be/am/are/is/were SpE LDV SFL BNC beach SpE JKL beak LDV beam LDV bean LDV JKL bear [v] LDV SFL beard LDV beat [n/v] SpE LDV SFL beauty/beautiful SpE LDV SFL JKL because SpE LDV SFL BNC become SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL bed SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL bee LDV beer LDV before LDV SFL BNC JKL beg SpE LDV begin/-ning SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL behave/behavior LDV BNC behind SpE LDV SFL BNC believe/belief SpE LDV SFL BNC bell SpE LDV belong SpE LDV SFL below SpE LDV belt LDV JKL bend LDV beneath LDV berry LDV beside(s) LDV SFL best SpE LDV SFL BNC betray SpE better SpE LDV SFL BNC between SpE LDV SFL BNC beyond LDV BNC bicycle LDV big SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL bill SpE LDV bind LDV bird SpE LDV JKL birth LDV JKL birthday LDV bit LDV BNC bite SpE LDV bitter SpE LDV black SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL blade LDV blame SpE LDV blanket SpE bleed SpE LDV bless LDV blind SpE LDV block SpE LDV blond SFL blood SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL blow SpE LDV SFL blue SpE LDV SFL board LDV boat SpE LDV body SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL boil SpE LDV bomb SpE LDV bone SpE LDV book SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL boot LDV border SpE LDV born SpE LDV SFL borrow SpE LDV JKL both SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL bottle SpE LDV bottom SpE LDV SFL JKL bowels LDV bowl LDV box SpE LDV boy SpE LDV SFL BNC brain SpE LDV branch LDV JKL brass LDV brave SpE LDV SFL bread SpE LDV SFL break SpE LDV SFL breakfast LDV breast LDV JKL breath/-e SpE LDV breed LDV brick LDV bridge SpE LDV JKL brief SpE bright SpE LDV SFL bring SpE LDV SFL BNC broad [aj] LDV SFL broadcast SpE LDV brother SpE LDV SFL brown SpE LDV brush LDV bucket LDV build SpE LDV SFL building LDV BNC JKL bullet SpE LDV bunch [n] LDV JKL burial LDV burn SpE LDV JKL burst SpE LDV SFL bury SpE LDV JKL bus SpE LDV bush LDV business SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL busy SpE LDV SFL but SpE LDV SFL BNC butter LDV button LDV buy SpE LDV SFL JKL by SpE LDV SFL BNC cabinet [government] SpE cage LDV cake LDV calculate/-or LDV JKL call SpE LDV SFL BNC calm SpE LDV JKL camera SpE LDV camp LDV campaign SpE can [container] SpE can [is able to] SpE LDV BNC cancel SpE cancer SpE candidate SpE candle LDV cannon SpE cap LDV capital SpE LDV BNC JKL captain LDV car SpE LDV BNC card LDV cardboard LDV care SpE LDV SFL BNC careful SpE LDV careless LDV carriage LDV carry SpE LDV SFL cart LDV case SpE LDV SFL BNC castle LDV JKL cat SpE LDV catch/capture SpE LDV SFL JKL cattle SpE LDV cause SpE LDV SFL JKL ceasefire SpE celebrate SpE cell SpE LDV cement LDV cent LDV center/central SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL centimeter LDV century SpE LDV SFL BNC ceremony SpE LDV certain [aj/det] LDV BNC chain LDV chair LDV chairman SpE LDV chalk LDV champion SpE chance SpE LDV SFL BNC change SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL chapter BNC JKL character LDV SFL charge SpE LDV charm LDV chase SpE LDV JKL cheap LDV cheat SpE LDV check (cheque) SpE LDV cheek LDV cheer/-ful SpE LDV cheese LDV chemical SpE LDV chemistry LDV chest LDV chicken LDV JKL chief SpE LDV SFL JKL child SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL childhood LDV chimney LDV chin LDV chocolate LDV choose/choice SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL church SpE LDV SFL BNC cigarette LDV cinema LDV circle/circular SpE LDV SFL circumstances BNC JKL citizen SpE LDV city SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL civilian SpE civilization LDV claim LDV clash SpE class [n] LDV SFL BNC clay LDV clean SpE LDV SFL clear/-ly SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL clergy SpE clerk LDV clever LDV cliff LDV climb SpE LDV JKL clock SpE LDV SFL close [aj/av/v] SpE LDV SFL JKL cloth SpE LDV SFL JKL clothes/clothing SpE LDV SFL JKL cloud SpE LDV JKL club LDV BNC coal SpE LDV coalition SpE coast [n] SpE LDV SFL coat LDV coffee SpE LDV coin LDV cold SpE LDV SFL JKL collar LDV collect SpE LDV SFL college LDV colony SpE color SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL comb LDV combine/-ation LDV come SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL comedy SpE comfort/-able LDV command SpE LDV JKL comment SpE committee SpE LDV BNC common SpE LDV SFL BNC communicate SpE companion LDV company SpE LDV SFL BNC compare/-arison LDV JKL compete/-ition/-itor SpE LDV JKL complain/-t LDV complete SpE LDV SFL JKL compound LDV compromise SpE computer SpE LDV BNC concern/-ing SpE LDV BNC concert LDV condemn SpE condition SpE LDV SFL BNC conference SpE BNC confidence/-dent LDV confirm SpE conflict SpE confuse LDV congratulate SpE JKL congress SpE connect SpE LDV conscience LDV conscious LDV conservative SpE consider SpE LDV consist (of) LDV SFL JKL consonant LDV constitution SpE contain/contents SpE LDV SFL JKL continent SpE continue SpE LDV SFL JKL continuous LDV contract [n] LDV BNC control SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL convenient LDV convention SpE conversation LDV JKL cook SpE LDV cool SpE LDV cooperate SpE JKL copper LDV copy SpE LDV cord LDV corn LDV corner LDV JKL correct SpE LDV JKL cost SpE LDV SFL BNC cotton SpE LDV cough LDV could LDV BNC council LDV BNC count [v] SpE LDV SFL JKL country SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL couple BNC courage LDV SFL course LDV SFL BNC court [n] SpE LDV SFL BNC cover SpE LDV SFL cow SpE LDV JKL coward/-ly SpE LDV crack LDV crash SpE LDV cream LDV create SpE creature SpE LDV credit SpE creep LDV crew SpE cricket LDV crime SpE LDV JKL criminal SpE LDV crisis SpE criticize SpE crop(s) SpE LDV cross SpE LDV SFL crowd SpE LDV SFL JKL cruel/-ty SpE LDV crush SpE LDV cry SpE LDV SFL cultivate LDV culture SpE cup LDV BNC cupboard LDV cure SpE LDV curl LDV current SpE LDV BNC JKL curse LDV curtain LDV curve LDV JKL custom [duty] SpE custom [cultural] SpE LDV customer LDV cut SpE LDV JKL cycle [v] LDV daily LDV dam SpE damage SpE LDV JKL dance SpE LDV JKL danger/-ous SpE LDV JKL dare [v] LDV SFL dark SpE LDV SFL JKL data BNC date [n] SpE LDV BNC daughter SpE LDV SFL day SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL dead SpE LDV SFL BNC deaf SpE deal SpE LDV dear LDV SFL death LDV SFL JKL debate SpE debt LDV decay LDV deceit/deceive LDV decide/decision SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL decimal LDV declare/-ation SpE LDV decorate/-ation LDV JKL decrease LDV JKL deep/depth SpE LDV SFL JKL deer LDV defeat SpE LDV defend/defense SpE LDV SFL BNC deficit SpE degree SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL delay SpE LDV delegate SpE delicate LDV delight LDV SFL deliver LDV SFL demand SpE LDV SFL democracy SpE demonstrate SpE denounce SpE deny SpE department LDV BNC depend SpE LDV dependent LDV deplore SpE deploy SpE descend LDV describe/description SpE LDV descriptive LDV desert SpE LDV deserve LDV design SpE BNC desirable LDV desire SpE LDV SFL desk LDV destroy/destruction SpE LDV detail(s) SpE LDV BNC determination LDV determined LDV develop/-ment SpE LDV BNC device SpE devil LDV diamond LDV dictator SpE dictionary LDV die SpE LDV SFL BNC different/-ence SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL difficult/-y SpE LDV BNC JKL dig SpE LDV dinner SpE LDV dip LDV diplomat SpE direct SpE LDV SFL direction SpE LDV SFL JKL dirt/-y SpE LDV JKL disappear SpE SFL disappoint LDV disarm SpE discourage/-ment LDV discover/-y SpE LDV SFL discuss SpE disease SpE dish LDV dismiss SpE LDV dispute SpE dissident SpE distance SpE LDV SFL distant SpE LDV ditch LDV dive SpE divide/division SpE LDV SFL JKL do SpE LDV SFL BNC doctor/dr. SpE LDV SFL BNC document SpE dog LDV JKL dollar SpE LDV door SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL doorway LDV dot LDV double LDV doubt LDV SFL down SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL draft SpE drag LDV draw/-ing LDV SFL JKL drawer LDV dream SpE LDV SFL JKL dress LDV drink SpE LDV SFL JKL drive [v] SpE LDV SFL drop LDV SFL JKL drown SpE LDV drug(s) SpE LDV drum LDV drunk LDV dry SpE LDV SFL JKL duck [n] LDV dull LDV during SpE LDV SFL BNC dust SpE LDV duty SpE LDV SFL JKL each SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL each other BNC JKL eager LDV ear LDV JKL early SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL earn SpE LDV earth SpE LDV SFL earthquake SpE east/-ern SpE LDV BNC JKL easy/ease SpE LDV SFL BNC eat SpE LDV SFL economy SpE BNC edge SpE LDV educate/-ation SpE LDV BNC effect SpE LDV SFL BNC effective LDV BNC JKL effort SpE LDV JKL egg SpE LDV eight/-th LDV SFL BNC JKL either SpE LDV SFL BNC elastic LDV elbow LDV elect/-ion SpE LDV electric/-ity SpE LDV JKL electron SpE element SpE JKL elephant LDV else LDV SFL BNC embassy SpE emergency SpE employ/-er/-ment SpE LDV JKL empty SpE LDV enclose/-ure LDV encourage/-ment LDV end SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL enemy SpE LDV SFL JKL energy SpE BNC enforce SpE engine SpE LDV engineer SpE LDV enjoy/-ment SpE LDV SFL enough SpE LDV SFL BNC enter SpE LDV SFL JKL entertain/-ment LDV entrance LDV envelope LDV environment BNC equipment SpE equal/-ity SpE LDV SFL JKL er/erm/uh [filler] BNC escape SpE LDV especially SpE LDV SFL BNC establish SpE LDV JKL establishment LDV even SpE LDV SFL BNC evening LDV SFL BNC JKL event SpE LDV SFL BNC ever SpE LDV SFL BNC every SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL everyone LDV BNC everything LDV SFL BNC everywhere LDV SFL evidence SpE BNC JKL evil SpE LDV SFL evironment SpE exact/-ly SpE LDV SFL BNC examine/-ation SpE LDV example SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL excellent SpE LDV except SpE LDV SFL exchange SpE LDV excite/-ed/-ing SpE LDV excuse SpE LDV execute SpE exercise LDV exile SpE exist/-ence SpE LDV JKL expand SpE expect SpE LDV SFL expel SpE expensive LDV experience LDV BNC experiment SpE expert SpE explain/explanation SpE LDV JKL explode/explosion SpE LDV explore SpE explosive LDV export SpE express/-ion SpE LDV SFL extend/extent SpE SFL BNC extra SpE extreme SpE LDV eye LDV SFL BNC JKL eyelid LDV face SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL fact SpE LDV SFL BNC factory SpE LDV fail/-ure SpE LDV faint [aj/v] LDV fair [aj] SpE LDV SFL fairy LDV faith/-ful LDV SFL fall SpE LDV SFL false LDV SFL familiar LDV family SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL famous/fame SpE LDV SFL fanatic SpE fancy LDV far SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL farm/-er SpE LDV fashion/-able LDV fast SpE LDV SFL JKL fasten LDV fat SpE LDV JKL fate LDV father SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL fault LDV SFL favor LDV SFL favorable LDV favorite [aj] LDV fear SpE LDV SFL feast SpE JKL feather LDV JKL federal SpE feed SpE LDV SFL feel SpE LDV SFL BNC feeling(s)/emotion SpE LDV SFL JKL fellow LDV female SpE LDV fence LDV fertile SpE fever LDV JKL few SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL field SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL fierce SpE LDV fight SpE LDV SFL figure LDV SFL BNC fill SpE LDV SFL film SpE LDV BNC final SpE BNC financial BNC find SpE LDV SFL BNC fine SpE LDV SFL BNC finger LDV SFL finish SpE LDV fire SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL fire [a gun] SpE fireplace LDV firm [aj/n] SpE LDV SFL first SpE LDV SFL BNC fish SpE LDV BNC JKL fisherman LDV fit [aj/v] LDV SFL five/fifth LDV SFL BNC JKL fix SpE LDV SFL flag SpE LDV flame LDV flash LDV flat SpE LDV JKL flee SpE flesh LDV flight LDV float SpE LDV JKL flood SpE LDV floor SpE LDV SFL BNC flour LDV flow SpE LDV flower SpE LDV SFL JKL fluid SpE fly SpE LDV JKL fog SpE JKL fold LDV follow SpE LDV SFL BNC fond LDV food SpE LDV BNC JKL fool/-ish SpE LDV foot SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL football LDV footpath LDV footstep LDV for SpE LDV SFL BNC for example BNC forbid LDV JKL force SpE LDV SFL BNC forehead LDV foreign/-er SpE LDV BNC forest LDV SFL JKL forget SpE LDV SFL forgive SpE LDV fork LDV form SpE LDV SFL BNC formal LDV former/-ly SpE LDV SFL BNC fort LDV fortunate LDV fortune LDV forward(s) SpE LDV SFL BNC four/-th LDV SFL BNC JKL fox LDV frame LDV free/-dom SpE LDV SFL BNC freeze SpE LDV fresh SpE LDV SFL friend SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL friendly LDV frighten/-ing SpE LDV from SpE LDV SFL BNC front SpE LDV SFL fruit SpE LDV JKL fuel SpE fulfill LDV full LDV SFL BNC JKL fun LDV funeral SpE LDV funny LDV fur LDV furious SpE furnish LDV furniture LDV further LDV BNC future SpE LDV gain SpE LDV SFL game SpE LDV BNC garage LDV garden LDV SFL JKL garment LDV SFL gas SpE LDV gasoline [petrol] LDV gate LDV SFL JKL gather SpE LDV JKL general [military] SpE SFL general [aj] SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL generous LDV gentle SpE LDV SFL gentleman LDV SFL get SpE LDV SFL BNC gift SpE LDV girl SpE LDV SFL BNC give SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL glad LDV SFL glass SpE LDV SFL BNC glory LDV JKL glue LDV go SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL goal SpE goat LDV God/god SpE LDV SFL JKL gold SpE LDV SFL JKL good SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL good-bye SpE LDV goods SpE LDV BNC govern SpE LDV government SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL grace/-ful LDV SFL gradual LDV grain SpE LDV JKL gram LDV grammar LDV grand LDV grandfather SpE LDV grandmother SpE LDV grass SpE LDV JKL grateful LDV grave [n] LDV gray SpE LDV great SpE LDV SFL BNC green SpE LDV JKL greet/-ing LDV JKL grief/grieve LDV grind SpE ground SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL group SpE LDV BNC JKL grow/-th SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL guarantee SpE guard SpE LDV SFL guerilla SpE guess LDV SFL guest LDV JKL guide/guidance SpE LDV SFL guilt/-y SpE LDV gun SpE LDV JKL habit/-ual LDV hair/-y SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL half SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL hall LDV JKL halt SpE hammer LDV hand LDV SFL BNC JKL handkerchief LDV handle LDV SFL hang SpE LDV SFL JKL happen SpE LDV SFL happy SpE LDV SFL BNC harbor SpE JKL hard/-en SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL hardly LDV SFL hardship LDV harm SpE LDV harmful LDV harmless LDV hasty LDV hat SpE LDV hate/hatred SpE LDV have SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL he/him/his SpE LDV SFL BNC head SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL headquarters SpE health/-y SpE LDV BNC JKL hear SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL heart SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL heat SpE LDV heaven LDV SFL JKL heavy SpE LDV SFL JKL heel LDV height LDV SFL helicopter SpE help/assist SpE LDV SFL BNC helpful LDV hen LDV here SpE LDV SFL BNC hero SpE herself LDV BNC hide [v] SpE LDV SFL JKL high SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL hijack SpE hill SpE LDV himself LDV SFL BNC hire LDV history SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL hit SpE LDV hold SpE LDV SFL hole SpE JKL holiday SpE LDV hollow LDV holy SpE LDV SFL JKL home SpE LDV SFL BNC honest/-y SpE LDV JKL honor SpE LDV SFL honorable/hon. LDV BNC hook LDV hope SpE LDV SFL hopeful LDV hopeless LDV horizon LDV horn LDV horrible SpE horse SpE LDV SFL JKL hospital SpE LDV BNC host LDV hostage SpE hostile SpE hostilities SpE hot SpE LDV hotel SpE LDV hour SpE LDV SFL BNC hourly LDV house SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL how SpE LDV SFL BNC however SpE SFL BNC huge SpE human SpE LDV BNC humor/-ous SpE LDV SFL hundred/-th LDV SFL BNC JKL hunger/hungry SpE LDV hunt SpE LDV hurry SpE LDV SFL hurt SpE LDV husband SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL hut LDV JKL I/me/my SpE LDV SFL BNC ice/icy SpE LDV idea SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL if SpE LDV SFL BNC ill LDV JKL illegal SpE image LDV imagine/-ary/-ation SpE LDV SFL immediate SpE JKL import SpE important/-ance SpE LDV SFL BNC impossible SFL improve/-ment SpE LDV in SpE LDV SFL BNC in order (to) BNC in spite of/despite LDV SFL BNC in terms of BNC incident SpE incite SpE include SpE LDV BNC income LDV BNC increase SpE LDV SFL JKL indeed SFL BNC independent SpE indoor(s) LDV industry/-ial SpE LDV BNC infect/-ion/-ious LDV inflation SpE influence/-tial SpE LDV inform SpE LDV information LDV BNC injure SpE ink LDV inner LDV innocent SpE inquire/inquiry LDV insane SpE JKL insect SpE LDV JKL inside LDV SFL JKL inspect SpE instead (of) SpE LDV SFL instruct/-ion LDV instrument SpE LDV insult SpE insure/-ance LDV intelligent SpE intend/intention LDV SFL JKL intense SpE interest SpE LDV SFL BNC interesting LDV interfere SpE international SpE LDV BNC interrupt/-ion LDV intervene SpE into LDV SFL BNC introduce/-duction LDV invade SpE invent/-ion SpE LDV invest/-ment SpE BNC investigate SpE JKL invite/invitation SpE LDV JKL involve SpE inwards LDV iron SpE LDV SFL JKL island SpE LDV JKL issue SpE BNC it/its SpE LDV SFL BNC itself LDV BNC jail SpE jaw LDV jealous/-y LDV jelly LDV jewel/-ry SpE LDV job SpE LDV BNC join SpE LDV SFL joint SpE LDV joke SpE LDV journey LDV SFL joy LDV judge SpE LDV SFL JKL judgment LDV juice LDV jump SpE LDV jungle SpE jury SpE just SpE LDV SFL BNC justice LDV keen LDV keep SpE LDV SFL BNC key LDV kick SpE LDV kidnap SpE kill SpE LDV SFL JKL kilo-/-gram/-meter LDV kind SpE LDV SFL BNC king LDV SFL JKL kingdom LDV kiss SpE LDV SFL kitchen LDV knee LDV kneel LDV knife SpE LDV JKL knock LDV knot LDV know SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL knowledge LDV BNC labor SpE LDV BNC laboratory SpE lack SpE LDV JKL ladder LDV lady LDV SFL lake SpE LDV JKL lamb LDV lamp LDV land SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL language SpE LDV SFL BNC large SpE LDV BNC JKL last [ordinal] SpE LDV SFL BNC late SpE LDV SFL JKL later [av] BNC lately LDV latter SFL laugh/-ter SpE LDV SFL launch SpE law SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL lawyer LDV lay LDV SFL lazy LDV lead [v] SpE LDV SFL JKL lead [the metal] LDV leaf LDV JKL leak SpE lean LDV learn SpE LDV SFL JKL least LDV SFL leather LDV leave SpE LDV SFL BNC left SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL leg LDV legal SpE LDV BNC lend SpE LDV length LDV less SpE LDV SFL BNC lesson LDV SFL JKL let SpE LDV BNC letter SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL level SpE LDV BNC liberal SpE library LDV lid LDV lie SpE LDV SFL life SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL lift LDV SFL light [n/aj] SpE LDV SFL JKL lightning SpE LDV like SpE LDV SFL BNC likely LDV BNC likewise SFL limb LDV limit SpE LDV JKL line SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL link SpE lion LDV lip LDV SFL liquid SpE LDV JKL list SpE LDV BNC listen SpE LDV liter LDV literature LDV little SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL live [v] SpE LDV SFL load SpE LDV SFL loaf [n] LDV local SpE LDV BNC lock LDV lodging(s) LDV log LDV lonely SpE LDV long SpE LDV SFL BNC look SpE LDV SFL BNC loose LDV lord LDV SFL BNC JKL lose/loss SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL lot LDV BNC loud SpE LDV SFL love SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL low SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL lower LDV BNC loyal/-ty SpE LDV luck SpE LDV SFL JKL lump LDV lung LDV machine SpE LDV machinery LDV mad SpE LDV magazine LDV JKL magic/-ian LDV mail SpE LDV JKL main SpE LDV BNC major SpE BNC majority SpE BNC make SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL male SpE LDV man SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL manage LDV manager LDV BNC manner LDV many LDV SFL BNC JKL map SpE LDV march SpE LDV SFL mark SpE LDV SFL marker SpE market LDV BNC marriage/marry LDV JKL mass SpE LDV master LDV SFL mat LDV match LDV material SpE LDV BNC matter LDV SFL BNC may SpE LDV SFL BNC mayor SpE meal LDV mean SpE LDV SFL BNC meaning LDV means LDV SFL BNC measure SpE LDV SFL JKL meat SpE LDV JKL medical LDV medicine SpE LDV JKL meet [v]/meeting SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL melt SpE LDV member SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL memorial SpE memory SpE LDV mend LDV mention LDV mercenary SpE mercy SpE merry LDV message SpE LDV messenger LDV JKL metal SpE LDV meter [measurement] LDV SFL method SpE LDV metric LDV microscope SpE LDV middle SpE LDV might [aux v] LDV BNC mile LDV BNC militant SpE military SpE LDV BNC milk SpE LDV million/-th LDV SFL BNC mind SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL mine SpE mineral SpE LDV minister SpE LDV BNC minor SpE minority SpE minute [time] SpE LDV BNC mirror LDV JKL miss [v] SpE LDV SFL Miss [title] SFL missile SpE missing SpE mist LDV mistake SpE LDV JKL mix SpE LDV JKL mixture LDV mob SpE model LDV BNC JKL moderate SpE modern SpE LDV BNC moment LDV SFL BNC money SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL monkey LDV month SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL monthly LDV moon SpE LDV JKL morals LDV more SpE LDV SFL BNC morning SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL most SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL mother SpE SFL BNC JKL motion SpE SFL motor LDV mountain SpE LDV JKL mourn SpE mouse LDV mouth LDV SFL JKL move SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL Mr./Mister SFL BNC Mrs. SFL BNC much SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL mud LDV multiply LDV murder SpE LDV muscle LDV music/-ian SpE LDV BNC JKL must SpE LDV SFL BNC myself LDV SFL BNC mystery/mysterious SpE LDV nail LDV naked SpE name SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL narrow LDV SFL JKL nasty LDV nation/-al SpE LDV SFL BNC nature/natural LDV SFL BNC JKL navy/naval SpE LDV near SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL nearly LDV BNC neat LDV necessary SpE LDV SFL BNC neck LDV need SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL needle LDV JKL negotiate SpE neighbor LDV JKL neighborhood LDV neither SpE LDV SFL nerve SpE LDV nest LDV net LDV network LDV neutral SpE never SpE LDV SFL BNC new SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL news SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL newspaper LDV next SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL nice SpE LDV BNC night SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL nine/ninth LDV BNC JKL no SpE LDV SFL BNC no one LDV SFL noble/-man LDV SFL noise SpE LDV JKL nominate SpE none LDV SFL nonsense LDV noon SpE JKL nor LDV BNC normal SpE BNC JKL north/-ern SpE LDV BNC JKL nose LDV JKL not SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL note SpE nothing SpE LDV SFL BNC notice LDV SFL noun LDV now SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL nowhere SpE LDV nuclear SpE number SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL nurse SpE LDV nut LDV nylon LDV o'clock LDV obey/obedience SpE LDV object SpE LDV observe SpE SFL obtain LDV obviously BNC occasion LDV occupy SpE ocean SpE LDV JKL odd LDV of SpE LDV SFL BNC of course BNC off SpE LDV BNC offend LDV offense/-ive SpE LDV offer SpE LDV SFL office LDV SFL BNC JKL officer SpE LDV official SpE LDV often/frequent SpE LDV SFL BNC o/oh SFL BNC oil SpE LDV BNC JKL okay BNC old SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL old-fashioned LDV JKL on SpE LDV SFL BNC once SpE LDV SFL BNC one LDV SFL BNC JKL oneself LDV onion LDV only SpE LDV SFL BNC open SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL operate SpE LDV operation LDV BNC opinion SpE LDV SFL JKL opponent LDV oppose SpE LDV opposite SpE LDV SFL opposition LDV oppress SpE or SpE LDV SFL BNC orange LDV orbit SpE orchestra SpE order SpE LDV SFL BNC ordinary LDV organ LDV organize/-ation SpE LDV origin LDV JKL original BNC JKL other SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL otherwise LDV ought LDV SFL ourselves LDV oust SpE out SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL outdoor(s) LDV outer LDV outside [pr] LDV SFL BNC JKL over SpE LDV BNC overthrow SpE owe SpE LDV owing to LDV own SpE LDV SFL BNC oxygen LDV pack LDV packet LDV page LDV SFL BNC pain SpE LDV SFL painful LDV paint SpE LDV painting LDV pair LDV palace SpE LDV pale LDV pamphlet SpE pan SpE LDV paper SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL parachute SpE parade SpE parallel LDV parcel LDV pardon SpE parent SpE LDV BNC JKL park LDV parliament SpE LDV part SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL participle LDV particular LDV SFL BNC partner LDV party SpE LDV SFL BNC pass SpE LDV passage LDV passenger SpE LDV passport SpE past SpE LDV SFL JKL pastry LDV path SpE LDV JKL patience/-ent LDV BNC pattern LDV pause LDV pay/-ment SpE LDV SFL BNC peace/-ful SpE LDV SFL JKL pen [writing instrumt] LDV JKL pence LDV pencil LDV people SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL pepper LDV per LDV BNC percent SpE BNC perfect SpE LDV SFL perform/-ance LDV BNC JKL perhaps/maybe SpE LDV SFL BNC period SpE LDV BNC permanent SpE permit/permission SpE LDV person SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL personal LDV BNC persuade LDV pertain to SFL pet [n] LDV photograph/-y LDV phrase LDV physical LDV physics SpE piano SpE LDV pick [v] LDV picture SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL piece SpE LDV SFL pig LDV JKL pile LDV pilot SpE LDV pin LDV pink LDV pipe SpE LDV JKL pirate SpE pity LDV place SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL plain LDV plan LDV SFL BNC JKL plane LDV planet SpE plant SpE LDV JKL plastic LDV plate LDV play SpE LDV SFL BNC pleasant LDV SFL please SpE LDV SFL BNC pleasure LDV SFL plenty SpE LDV plot SpE plural LDV pocket LDV poem/poetry SpE LDV JKL poet LDV point SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL poison SpE LDV JKL pole LDV police SpE LDV BNC policy SpE BNC polish LDV polite LDV political LDV BNC politician LDV politics SpE LDV pollute SpE pool LDV poor SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL popular/-ity SpE LDV BNC population SpE LDV BNC port SpE LDV position SpE LDV SFL BNC possess/-ion SpE LDV possible/-ility/-ibly SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL post LDV postpone SpE pot LDV potato LDV pound LDV SFL BNC pour SpE LDV JKL powder LDV power/-ful SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL practical LDV practice LDV BNC praise SpE LDV JKL pray/-er SpE LDV JKL precious LDV pregnant SpE JKL prepare/-aration SpE LDV SFL JKL presence LDV present SpE LDV SFL BNC preserve [v] LDV JKL president SpE LDV BNC press SpE LDV SFL BNC pressure SpE LDV BNC pretend LDV pretty LDV SFL prevent SpE LDV SFL JKL previous BNC JKL price SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL prickly LDV pride/proud SpE LDV priest SpE LDV prince LDV SFL principle LDV print LDV prison/-er SpE LDV JKL private SpE LDV BNC JKL prize SpE LDV JKL probability LDV probable/probably SpE LDV BNC problem SpE LDV BNC process LDV BNC procession LDV produce [v] SpE LDV JKL product LDV BNC production LDV BNC profession LDV BNC professor SpE profit LDV SFL JKL program SpE BNC progress SpE JKL project SpE BNC promise SpE LDV SFL JKL pronounce/-iation LDV SFL proof LDV SFL propaganda SpE proper LDV SFL property SpE LDV BNC propose SpE SFL protect/-ion/-iv SpE LDV JKL protest SpE prove SpE LDV SFL provide SpE LDV BNC JKL provision(s) LDV public SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL publication SpE publish SpE JKL pull SpE LDV SFL JKL pump SpE LDV punish/-ment SpE LDV JKL pupil LDV purchase SpE pure SpE LDV SFL JKL purple LDV purpose SpE LDV SFL push SpE LDV JKL put SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL quality LDV BNC quantity LDV quarrel LDV quarter LDV queen LDV question SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL quick/-ly SpE LDV BNC quiet SpE LDV SFL quite LDV BNC rabbi SpE rabbit LDV race SpE LDV SFL radar SpE radiation SpE radio SpE LDV raid SpE railroad/railway SpE LDV rain SpE LDV JKL raise SpE LDV range LDV BNC rank LDV rapid SpE LDV rare SpE LDV SFL JKL rat LDV rate SpE LDV BNC rather LDV SFL BNC raw LDV reach SpE LDV SFL JKL read SpE LDV SFL JKL ready SpE LDV SFL BNC real/-ly SpE LDV SFL BNC realistic SpE reason SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL reasonable SpE LDV rebel SpE receive SpE LDV JKL recent/-ly SpE LDV BNC recession SpE recognition LDV recognize SpE LDV SFL record [n] SpE LDV BNC JKL red SpE LDV SFL BNC reduce SpE LDV reform SpE refugee SpE refuse/refusal SpE LDV regard LDV regret SpE regular [aj] LDV related LDV relation LDV relations SpE BNC relative LDV release SpE JKL religion SpE LDV JKL remain SpE LDV SFL remark LDV remember SpE LDV SFL JKL remind LDV remove SpE LDV SFL rent LDV JKL repair SpE LDV repeat SpE LDV SFL reply LDV SFL JKL report SpE LDV SFL BNC represent/-ative LDV SFL repress SpE republic LDV request SpE LDV JKL rescue SpE research BNC reside/dwell SFL JKL resign SpE resolution SpE respect/-ful LDV JKL responsible SpE LDV rest SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL restaurant LDV restrain SpE restrict SpE result SpE LDV BNC retire SpE return SpE LDV SFL JKL revolt SpE reward LDV rice SpE LDV JKL rich SpE LDV SFL rid LDV ride SpE LDV JKL right SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL rights/civil rights SpE BNC JKL ring LDV JKL riot SpE JKL ripe LDV rise SpE LDV risk LDV BNC river SpE LDV JKL road SpE LDV SFL BNC rob SpE LDV rock SpE LDV rocket SpE rod LDV role BNC roll SpE LDV JKL roof LDV JKL room SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL root SpE LDV JKL rope SpE LDV rose LDV rough SpE LDV round SpE LDV BNC row LDV SFL JKL royal LDV BNC rub SpE LDV rubber SpE LDV rude LDV ruin SpE LDV rule SpE LDV SFL BNC ruler LDV run SpE LDV SFL JKL rush LDV sabotage SpE sacrifice SpE JKL sad SpE LDV SFL safe/-ty SpE LDV SFL sail SpE LDV sale LDV BNC salt SpE LDV same SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL sand LDV satellite SpE satisfaction LDV satisfy/-factory SpE LDV save SpE LDV SFL say SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL scale LDV scatter LDV JKL scene LDV scenery LDV school SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL science SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL scientific LDV scientist LDV scissors LDV scream SpE screw LDV sea SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL search SpE LDV JKL season SpE LDV BNC JKL seat SpE LDV SFL JKL second SpE LDV SFL BNC secret/secrecy SpE LDV section BNC JKL security SpE see SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL seed LDV seek SpE seem SpE LDV BNC seize SpE LDV SFL self SpE SFL JKL sell SpE LDV SFL JKL senate SpE send SpE LDV SFL JKL sensation LDV JKL sense SpE LDV SFL BNC senseless LDV sensible LDV sensitive LDV sentence SpE LDV SFL JKL separate SpE LDV SFL series SpE BNC serious SpE LDV SFL BNC sermon SpE servant LDV serve SpE LDV SFL service LDV SFL BNC JKL set SpE LDV BNC settle SpE LDV SFL seven/-th LDV SFL BNC JKL several SpE LDV SFL BNC severe SpE LDV sew LDV sex/-ual SpE LDV shade LDV SFL shadow LDV shake SpE LDV JKL shall LDV SFL shame LDV shape SpE LDV JKL share SpE LDV sharp SpE LDV she/her/hers SpE LDV SFL BNC sheep LDV JKL sheet LDV shelf LDV shell SpE LDV shelter LDV shield LDV JKL shine SpE LDV JKL ship SpE LDV SFL JKL shirt LDV shock SpE LDV shoe SpE LDV shoot SpE LDV JKL shop LDV BNC JKL shopkeeper LDV shore LDV JKL short SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL shot [n] LDV should SpE LDV SFL BNC shoulder LDV shout SpE LDV show SpE LDV SFL BNC shrink SpE shut SpE LDV sick SpE LDV side SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL sideways LDV sight LDV SFL sign SpE LDV SFL JKL signal SpE LDV signature LDV significant BNC silence/silent SpE LDV silk LDV silly LDV silver SpE LDV SFL JKL similar/-ity SpE LDV BNC simple SpE LDV SFL BNC since SpE LDV SFL BNC sincere LDV sing SpE LDV SFL single LDV BNC JKL singular LDV sink [v] SpE LDV JKL sir BNC sister SpE LDV SFL sit SpE LDV SFL BNC situation SpE LDV BNC six/-th LDV SFL BNC JKL size SpE LDV SFL BNC skeleton SpE skill/-ful SpE LDV skin LDV JKL skirt LDV skull SpE sky SpE LDV slave SpE LDV sleep SpE LDV SFL JKL slide SpE LDV slight [aj] LDV slip/slippery LDV slope LDV slow SpE LDV SFL small SpE LDV BNC JKL smash SpE smell SpE LDV smile SpE LDV SFL smoke SpE LDV JKL smooth SpE LDV snake LDV snow SpE LDV JKL so SpE LDV SFL BNC so-called SFL soap LDV social SpE LDV BNC society LDV BNC sock LDV soft SpE LDV SFL JKL soil LDV soldier SpE LDV SFL JKL solemn LDV solid SpE LDV solve SpE some SpE LDV BNC somehow LDV someone LDV SFL BNC something LDV BNC sometimes LDV SFL BNC somewhere LDV son SpE LDV SFL BNC song LDV soon SpE LDV SFL BNC sore [aj] LDV sorry/sorrow SpE LDV BNC sort [n] SpE LDV BNC soul LDV SFL JKL sound SpE LDV SFL JKL soup LDV sour LDV south/-ern SpE LDV BNC JKL space SpE LDV BNC spacecraft LDV spade LDV speak SpE LDV SFL spear LDV special SpE LDV BNC JKL specialist LDV speech [oratory] LDV SFL speed SpE LDV spell [v] LDV spend SpE LDV JKL spill SpE spilt SpE spin LDV spirit SpE LDV SFL splendid LDV split SpE LDV spoil [v] LDV spoon LDV sport(s) SpE LDV spot LDV spread SpE LDV SFL spring SpE LDV JKL spy SpE square LDV SFL stab SpE staff BNC stage LDV BNC stair(s) LDV JKL stamp SpE LDV stand SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL standard LDV star SpE LDV JKL start SpE LDV starve SpE state SpE LDV SFL BNC station SpE LDV JKL statue SpE JKL stay SpE LDV steady LDV steal SpE LDV steam SpE LDV JKL steel SpE LDV steep LDV JKL stem LDV step SpE LDV SFL stick SpE LDV sticky LDV stiff LDV still [aj/av] SpE LDV SFL BNC sting LDV stitch LDV stomach SpE LDV stone SpE LDV SFL JKL stop SpE LDV SFL JKL store SpE LDV storm SpE LDV story SpE LDV SFL BNC stove SpE straight SpE LDV SFL strange/-r SpE LDV SFL stream LDV SFL street SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL stretch SpE LDV strike SpE LDV SFL string LDV stroke LDV strong/strength SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL structure LDV BNC struggle SpE LDV stubborn SpE student LDV BNC study SpE LDV SFL BNC stupid SpE LDV style LDV BNC subject LDV SFL BNC submarine SpE substance SpE LDV substitute SpE subtract LDV subversion SpE succeed/success SpE LDV BNC JKL such SpE LDV SFL BNC such as BNC suck LDV sudden(ly) SpE LDV SFL BNC suffer SpE LDV SFL sugar SpE LDV suggest LDV suit LDV suitable LDV JKL sum LDV summer SpE LDV BNC JKL sun SpE LDV SFL JKL supervise SpE supper LDV supply SpE LDV SFL JKL support SpE LDV BNC suppose SpE LDV SFL suppress SpE sure SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL surface LDV surplus SpE surprise SpE LDV SFL surrender SpE surround SpE LDV survive SpE suspect SpE suspend SpE swallow SpE LDV swear LDV swear in SpE sweep LDV sweet SpE LDV SFL swell LDV swim SpE LDV swing LDV JKL sword LDV JKL sympathy SpE LDV system SpE LDV BNC JKL table LDV SFL BNC tail LDV take SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL talk SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL tall SpE LDV SFL tank SpE target SpE task SpE taste SpE LDV SFL JKL tax SpE LDV BNC JKL taxi LDV tea LDV JKL teach SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL team SpE LDV BNC tear [v] SpE LDV JKL tear(s) SpE LDV SFL technical SpE telephone SpE LDV telescope SpE television SpE LDV tell SpE LDV SFL BNC temper LDV temperature SpE LDV temple LDV JKL temporary SpE ten SFL BNC JKL tend/tendency LDV tender LDV tennis LDV tense SpE LDV tent LDV term SpE BNC terrible SpE LDV territory SpE terror SpE LDV test SpE LDV textiles SpE than SpE LDV SFL BNC thank SpE LDV SFL BNC that [cj/pn/aj] SpE LDV SFL BNC the SpE LDV SFL BNC theater SpE LDV themselves LDV SFL BNC then SpE LDV SFL BNC theory BNC there SpE LDV SFL BNC therefore LDV SFL BNC they/them/their(s) LDV SFL BNC thick SpE LDV SFL JKL thief LDV thin SpE LDV thing SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL think SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL thirst/-y LDV this/these SpE LDV SFL BNC thorough LDV those LDV though LDV BNC thought LDV BNC thousand/-th LDV SFL BNC JKL thread LDV JKL threat/-en SpE LDV three/third LDV SFL BNC JKL throat LDV through SpE LDV SFL BNC throughout JKL throw SpE LDV SFL thumb LDV thunder LDV JKL thus LDV BNC ticket LDV JKL tidy LDV tie SpE LDV JKL tiger LDV tight LDV time SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL timetable LDV tin LDV tire/tired SpE LDV tire [n] LDV tissue SpE title LDV to SpE LDV SFL BNC tobacco LDV today SpE LDV SFL BNC toe LDV together SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL tomorrow SpE LDV SFL tone SFL tongue LDV tonight SpE LDV SFL too SpE LDV SFL BNC tool SpE LDV JKL tooth LDV JKL top SpE LDV SFL torture SpE total LDV touch SpE LDV SFL JKL tour LDV JKL tourist LDV toward(s) SpE LDV SFL BNC tower LDV town SpE LDV BNC JKL toy LDV track LDV trade SpE LDV SFL BNC tradition/-al SpE BNC traffic LDV tragic SpE train/-ing SpE LDV SFL BNC translate LDV transparent LDV transport SpE trap SpE LDV travel SpE LDV treason SpE treasure SpE JKL treat/-ment SpE LDV BNC treaty SpE tree SpE LDV SFL JKL tremble LDV trial SpE tribe SpE LDV trick SpE LDV trip SpE LDV JKL troops SpE tropical LDV trouble SpE LDV SFL trousers LDV truce SpE truck SpE true SpE LDV SFL BNC trunk LDV trust SpE LDV SFL JKL truth LDV SFL JKL try SpE LDV SFL BNC tube LDV tune [n] LDV turn SpE LDV SFL BNC twelve BNC twice LDV twist LDV two LDV SFL BNC JKL type LDV BNC JKL typical LDV ugly LDV uncle LDV under SpE LDV SFL BNC understand SpE LDV SFL BNC undo LDV uniform [n] LDV union LDV BNC unit LDV BNC unite SpE LDV SFL BNC universal LDV universe SpE LDV university SpE LDV unless SpE SFL BNC until SpE LDV SFL BNC up SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL up to BNC upper [aj] LDV upright LDV upset [v] LDV upside down LDV upstairs LDV urge SpE LDV urgent SpE LDV JKL use SpE LDV SFL BNC useful LDV BNC useless LDV usual/-ly SpE LDV SFL BNC valley SpE LDV JKL value SpE LDV SFL BNC variety LDV various LDV BNC JKL vary LDV vegetable LDV JKL vehicle SpE LDV JKL verb LDV version SpE very LDV SFL BNC veto SpE vicious SpE victim SpE victory SpE LDV view LDV BNC village SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL violate SpE violence/violent SpE LDV violin SpE virus SpE visit SpE LDV SFL voice SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL volcano SpE vote SpE LDV vowel LDV voyage SpE LDV wages SpE LDV waist LDV wait SpE LDV SFL JKL waiter LDV wake [v] LDV walk SpE LDV SFL JKL wall SpE LDV SFL BNC wander LDV want SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL war SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL warm/-th SpE LDV JKL warn SpE LDV JKL wash SpE LDV JKL waste SpE LDV watch SpE LDV SFL water SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL wave SpE LDV JKL way SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL we/us/our/ours LDV SFL weak SpE LDV SFL JKL wealth SpE LDV JKL weapon SpE LDV wear SpE LDV SFL weather SpE LDV SFL JKL weave LDV JKL wedding LDV week LDV SFL BNC JKL weekly LDV weigh SpE LDV weight LDV welcome SpE LDV well SpE LDV SFL BNC west/-ern SpE LDV BNC JKL wet SpE LDV what SpE LDV SFL BNC whatever LDV BNC wheat SpE LDV wheel SpE LDV when SpE LDV SFL BNC whenever LDV SFL where SpE LDV SFL BNC whether LDV SFL BNC which SpE LDV SFL BNC whichever LDV while [cj] SpE LDV SFL BNC whip LDV whisper LDV whistle LDV white SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL who/whose SpE LDV SFL BNC whoever LDV whole LDV BNC JKL why SpE LDV SFL BNC wicked LDV wide/width/breadth SpE LDV JKL widespread LDV wife SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL wild SpE LDV will SpE LDV SFL BNC willing SpE LDV win SpE LDV JKL wind [v] LDV wind [n] SpE LDV SFL JKL window SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL wine LDV SFL wing LDV SFL winter LDV SFL JKL wire SpE LDV wise/wisdom SpE LDV wish SpE LDV with SpE LDV SFL BNC withdraw SpE within LDV SFL BNC without SpE LDV SFL BNC witness [n] LDV woman SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL wonder SpE LDV SFL wood/-en SpE LDV JKL woods SpE wool/-en LDV word SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL work SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL world SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL worm LDV worry SpE LDV SFL worse SpE LDV worship LDV worst LDV worth LDV worthy (of) LDV SFL would LDV BNC wound SpE LDV JKL wrap LDV JKL wreck(age) SpE LDV wrist LDV write SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL wrong SpE LDV SFL BNC wrongdoing LDV yard LDV year SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL yearly LDV yellow SpE LDV JKL yes SpE LDV SFL BNC yesterday SpE LDV SFL BNC yet SpE LDV BNC you/your/yours SpE LDV SFL BNC young SpE LDV SFL BNC JKL youth LDV SFL
Vital English Vocabulary, copyright 1997 by Rick Harrison