Sona - 9

To provide a working vocabulary for the English student Mr. Ogden has very generously encouraged me to translate the 850 Basic English words into their Sona equivalents. In some cases the method of verb formation employed by Basic English cannot be rendered exactly in Sona. For example "change" in Basic is a noun; in Sona and Standard English both noun and verb. The Sona verb form is here distinguished by the symbol (v.). From the point of view of Sona, the following vocabulary cannot be considered complete; but it is a useful selection of words sufficient for all practical purposes until a more detailed dictionary has been compiled. By the nature of Sona's method of simple root agglutination its power of forming words is almost unlimited, and a satisfactory dictionary which is to give real scope to this peculiar power has yet to be undertaken. Again, the more common expansions or specializations of a single English word, such as "order," have been added for the benefit of those not conversant with Basic methods. In the following list, all English words having the same form for verb and noun, are here nouns, unless marked (v.)

a (any) he
a (one) enna
able nio, (v.) ni
about (near) ili
about (concerning) ciua
account lakana
account adolen
acid azo
across ano
act dasini, (v.) dasi
act (play) xolu
addition ado
adjustment kaureda
after hin
again ire
aganist ana
agreement usoda, usoni
air hu
all pan
almost illi
among imi
amount tamen
amusement sijuda, juluda
and ge
angle gun
angry mezoni
animal zu
answer irilani, (v.) irila
ant coko
any he
apparatus runbi
apple pomo
approval uine
arch ago
argument isilada, xolada
arm tega
arms bazote, bacote
army bandi
art arone
art (skill) isavi
as asi (see § 30)
at a, po (see § 30)
attack anaban
attempt itisini
attention usada
attraction arukada
authority kinyara
authority kinyaraji
automatic sirunyo
awake asekio

baby ninko, kojiko
back zaga, zadi
back (p.) zali
bad zeyo, fenyo, punyo, feyo
bag ute, utten
balance isone
ball gon
band ugona
band (party) gina
band (orchestra) melangi
base kundi
basin adebin, adeya
basket utegin
bath benya
be zi
beautiful arovio
because kin
bed kuna
bee api
before va
before kiva
behaviour kasida
belief imene, din
bell ila
bent aguni, uzoni
berry moko
between imide, de
bird pi
birth kizinda
bit kodi
bite denda, (v.) den
bitter azovio
black naro (see § 22)
blade ite
blood bosu
blow bani, (v.) huba
blue suro, huro (see § 22)
board duiku, du
boat sucan
body tan, gatan
boiling suzoni, (v.) suzo
bone adu
book gelen
boot pece
bottle xinte
box can
boy kora
brain mega
brake azabi
branch gundi, dina
brass purojen
bread pana
breath huga; huki
brick agaitu
bridge anore
bright jebenni, iropanyo
broken udeni
brother bora
brown muro (see § 22)
brush jabi
bucket subinko
building kan, (v.) ukka
bulb mokin, moga
burn zoga, (v.) zoru
burst udeba
business siada
but au, nen (see § 22)
butter paulo
button cemo
by bi, po (see § 22)

cake paxuna
camera irokan, Kodak
canvas rengin
card jelen
care aseda
carriage arabino; noda
cart bino
cat xe
cause kin
certain asayo
certain cien
chain geren
chalk jebero
chance fane
change nu, nuda, (v.) nuru
change dannu, danko
cheap kodanyo
cheese papun
chemical hagen
chest gacan; tacan
chief (a.) kayo
chin vate
church jokan
circle gona
clean benyo
clear abeyo
clear (empty) ubeni
clear (evident) selio
clock oribi
cloth pogin; bengin
cloud huvan
coal zoje
coat gapo
cold isu
collar ikoce
colour ro
comb muden
come ari, inru
comfort ipaxa
committee hadagi
common hegio
common henyo
common isidio
company gisone
comparison unuda
competition sobanda
complete panni
complex soginyo
condition zine
condition usona
connection gene
conscious mesenyo
control arace
cook kipaci, (v.) kipa
cooper murojen; jenko
copy asina
cord ren
cork upive, decen
cotton berove, Kutun
cotton berogin
cough gufu
country vema
country umma
cover cepo, pona, (v.) poru
cow zanyibo
crack ide
credit indan
crime zeda
cruel zumeni
crush conba
cry halani, (v.) hala, vola
cup ade, tebin
current suruna
curtain povan
curve agona
cushion mun
cut coni, (v.) co

damage uzeda
danger foline
dark vanyo
daughter xannin
day diri, irodi (see § 20)
dead itoni, nazinyo
dear tadanyo, abuni
death itone
debt uene, undan
decision cemeda
deep anitayo
degree cin
delicate gafinyo, imusenyo
dependent unicio
design lesin
desire cu, ubu
destruction inada
detail aleko
development ukida, kiruda
different inudio
digestion paimoda
direction likada, line
dirty puo
discovery iseda
discussion dilakada
disease zenga
disgust apune
distance utimen
distribution adikada
do da
dog xen
door dulo
doubt kenda
down anili
drain puate, suruate
drawer arucan
dress posina, pogan, (v.) posi
drink pasuna, (v.) pa (su)
drop suko
dry subeyo
dust con

ear itega
early kio
earth aga
east kili
edge lin
education ukisada
effect hinne
egg piga
elastic atalio, amulio
electric urazo, Elektrik
end ito, itoika
engine run
enough ipa
equal iso
error fen
even (p.) siui
event fada
ever heri
every ena
example viko
exchange isinu; Burs
existence zida
expansion atarenda
expert isayo
experience jisada
eye gase

face vasiga, vadi
fact zina
fall anisida, (v.) anisi
false fe
family vikin
far uti
farm vedaya
fat (a.) gapanyo
father para
fear fo
feather pin
feeble fin
feeling sen
female zan, zandi
fertile molio
fiction fan
field veca
fight ban
finger dite
fire zo
firing bazo
first enyo, kayo, kinyo
fish sun
fixed ceni, cebani
flag royale
flame zona
flat iku
flight piruda
floor ikuna, ikucin
flower velo
fly pupi
fold ugona, (v.) ugoba
food pani, pagan
foolish lunyo
foot pe
for li, dili (see § 30)
force ura
fork dente, gundi
form sin
forward vali
fowl hepi
frame lingo; gasin
free lokani
frequent eri
friend soji
from ne
front vadi
fruit mo
full itani, panni
future vari

garden veloca
gas hun
general hegio
get imaka
get (become) kiru
girl kozan
give (v.) don
glass xin
glove tece
go ru
gold uro
good xayo, urevio, sanyo
goods imagi
goverment kaida
grain ven; uga
grass heve
great ta
green vero (see § 22)
grey jero (see § 22)
grip teba
group gidi, gina
growth kiruda, tada
guide lici
gun fuzo

hair mu
hammer batebi
hand te
hanging ilocio
happy juvio
harbour sucema
hard jesio
harmony solan
hat kapo
hate apuda
have ima
he on
head kadi
healthy sanyo
hearing useda
heart umiga
heat zoki, huzo
help sokada
here inya
high aka
history hisatori
hole dena
hollow adeya
hook ugubi
hope vaime
horn dun
horse akizu
hospital sanya
hour hori
house kan
how? keu
how... u ci
humour meri

I mi
ice isuje
idea meni, mefan, meiti
if ken (see § 30)
ill zen
important aletayo
impulse sibada
in min; akan (see § 30)
increase tada
industry hiada
ink lesu
insect haco
instrument bina
insurance kayasada
interest meminda; mondi
invention mekinda
iron irajen
island unama

jelly jeilo
jewel jexa
join gena, (v.) geru
journey ruta
judge udara
jump upeda

keep (v.) tenka
kettle zobin
key cebi
kick pekaba
kind xamevio
kiss busana, (v.) busa
knee pegun
knife cobi
knot ginna
knowledge sane

land agama; umma
language lasin
last itoyo, zahinyo
late riaza
laugh iluda, (v.) ilu
law udane
lead ponjen
leaf ile
learning insada
leather fugana
left (hand) zeli
leg pega
let da, alo
let (a lon kan
letter leni
level iso; cin
library gelendia
lift akacan, (v.) akka
light iro (see VII)
like (a.) asio
limit lindi, tundi
line re
linen abegin, Lin
lip labi
liquid suna
list adolen
little ko
living zin
lock cena, (v.) ceba
long tareyo
look seruvi, (v.) seru
loose ilo
loss nefida, nefini
loud fon
love abuda, (v.) abu
low anio

machine run
make ka-, kasin
male ra, radi
man ra
manager idakaci
map malen
mark ile, ule
market heibia
married gesini
mass tan
match zote
material gan
may fa
meal pada, pari
measure men
meat bona
medical sandio
meeting ageda
memory zame
metal jen
middle umidi
military ba-, badi
milk umosu
mind mene, game
mine adema, jema
minute kori
mist abevan
mixed genni
money dangi
monkey ulu
month mendi
moon hamen
morning kiri
mother uma
motion ruda
montain akama
mouth pagu
move runa, ruda
much tadi, tana
muscle iraga
music melan

nail ikate
name hani
narrow iko
nation giuma
natural vio, zivio
near ili
necessary uo
neck ikoga
need bezi
needle ginte
nerve senga
net ginbi
new ino
news kasani
night vandi
no na
noise fonda
normal amio
north poli
nose buga
not na
note mele; sahanne
now inri (see § 30)
number emenna, emen
nut dumo; jenmo

observation meseda
of vi, di (see § 30)
off neli, unli
offer kidon
office idaya
oil ulo, Petrulo
old ato
on po, apo; ire (see § 30)
only unaua
open loni
operation adda
operation sancoda
opinion jimeni
opposite ayana
or nu
orange uromo
order are
order (class) hidi
order (command) kalana
organization soyareda
ornament arona
other inu
out fu
oven pazocan
over apo, ayaka
owner imaji

page velenna
pain izo
paint rogan
painting oda
paper velen
parallel isodire
parcel kono, ugona
part dina
parting neda
past (time) zari
paste igeven
payment udoni
peace ini
pen lete
pencil ledu
person ji
physical gadio
picture rodana
pig upu
pin ceika
pipe ate, hukate
place a, ma (see § 15)
plane ikucin
plant mave
plate ikuca, ikuxin
play luda, (v.) lu
play (drama) luxo
please ju, cu; 'o cu'
pleasure juda
plough agaden
pocket ute
point ika, (v.) telika
poison zon
polish jaben
political kaisadio
poor bezio
porter noci
position mane
possible falio
pot kobin
potato agamo
powder con
power arane
present ziri
price podan
print ille
prison abakan
private jio
probable valio
process karune
produce ninna
profit mon
property imagan
prose hele, Prosa
protest anala
public hegi
pull arukada, (v.) aruka
pump arubi
punishment abada
purpose meiti
push rubada, (v.) ruba
put mate

quality o, vi
question keni
quick akio, ikio
quiet inio, inine
quite ita

rail rejen, nore
rain husu
range recin
rat jan
rate rucin
ray lire, irore
reaction irida
reading lesada
ready kini
reason kin; ume
receipt inteda, intelen
record melen
record lango
record amocin
red zoro, boro (see § 22)
regret vozine
regular ureni, uresinyo
relation cine; boji
religion din
representative amadaci
request akeni
respect ameda
responsible unilio
rest mandi; kuce
reward udoxa, danxa
rhythm rin
rice suven
right ureli, urene
ring goxa, gona, illan, (v.) ilaba
river rusu
road rua
rod rete, bate
roll rugonda
roof apona
room dia; lia
root kinga
rough jasenyo, izuvio
round goyo, gonyo, igoyo
rub jada, (v.) ja
rule urekada; randa, arada
run akiperu

sad mevoyo
safe soceni, cezoi
sail huca, hucada
salt iga
same asio, sio
sand sucon
say la
scale cinne
school sama
science issa, haissa
scissors codo
screw vunna
sea sudi
seat kun, kunya
secand riko; doyo
secret sivan
secretary jileci
see se
seed kimo; visu
seem seru
selection ibuda, ibugi
self si
send ruka
sense mesen, gasen
separate nedini
serious alepanyo
servant ubiji, biji
sex vidi
shade van
shake iruda
shame ipuda
sharp ikayo, akio
sheep ubo
shelf reten, tendu
ship suno
shirt rapo
shock ikibani
shoe peceko
short ako
shut cenni, (v.) cen
side alidi, aliga
sign alena
silk xingin
silver usu
simple hezio, abeyo
sister bozan
size tane, men
skin fuga
skirt zanpo
sky hudi
sleep ine, (v.) ineru
slip akufen, fenko
slope agua
slow azayo
small ko, kon
smash dibana, udena
smell buna, buda
smile ilukida
smoke zovan, (v.) huka
smooth imuxinyo
snake ipe
sneeze bugafu
snow isucon, huissu
so asi, inyu (see § 30)
soap subuna
society gisoci; socine
sock pegin
soft munyo
solid agini, agina
some ci, ci di
son ranin
song ulani
sort hidi, hivi
sound lan
soup supa
south zoli
space ubeyo; lia
spade denbi
special ho
sponge imove
spoon pate
spring amubi
spring kiuri
square cagun, caya
stage lukaca
stage (phase) rima
stamp ilebi, ilena
stamp (postage) ileko
star ceiro
start rukida
statement zilada
station makan
steam suhum
steel iraxin
stem rega, vetan
step pecin, perinni
stick duna, dubi, bate
sticky ugevio
stiff jereni
still riui, naui (see § 30)
stitch ginda
stocking peginta
stomach paga
stone je
stop cenya, manya
store apa, apakan
story lafan, lakani
straight reyo; reli
strange funyo
street reya
stretch atare, (v.) ataru
strong irayo
structure sinda
substance gan
such sivi
sudden ikio
suggestion ikeni
summer kauri
sun hairo
support anice
surprise fabada, (v.) faba
sweet xuo
swim upiru (n., v.)
system bine, sogane

table madu
tail zate
take teka, unno
talk lakada
tall aka, gayaka
taste bun
tax apodan
teaching sakada
tendency agune
test samen
than ne
that un
that (c.) ua
the en (see § 13)
then unri, hin (see § 30)
theory safan
there unya
thick agio, agisinyo
thin renyo, adusinyo
thing cina, (plur.) cigi
this in
though nan
thought meda, meni
thread muren
throat gula
through de
thumb tenga
thunder hufon
ticket tolen
tight renni
till arili
time ri, ori (see § 20)
tin berojen
tired tonni
to li
toe pete
together soyu
tomorrow vadiri
tongue lada
tooth den, denga
top amodi, akadi
touch tesen
town tun
trade ibida
train toreno
transport noda, annoda
tray kubi, aniten
tree dure; kinlen
trick fekada
trouble jakine, tonne
trousers pegavando
true asoyo
turn gonu, (v.) nusi
twist vun

value danne
verse larindi
very ta
vessel suno; tenna
view seni; gasere
violent azucio
voice gala

waiting manda
walk peru
wall retun
war haruba
warm zofi
wash bensuda
waste ibeda; manze
watch aseda; teri
water su
wave utana
wax cero
way bia, bine, via, rua
weather huri
week ridi
weight pon, pontane
well (p.) xau
west nili
wet suni
wheel rugo
when? when keri; ri ci
where? keya; a ci
while ri; riman
whip baren
whistle pila, hula
white bero
who? who keji; (ji) ci
why? why keua; ua ci
wide atayo
will va (see § 34)
wind bahu
window selo
wine vin
wing ali
winter finyuri
wire ren
wise savio
with bi; so
woman zan
wood du; duma
wool muga
word lana
work adani, adda
worm ipeko
wound udico
writing leda
wrong fenyo

alchohol Alkohol
aluminium Alumin, Al
automobile sino
bank danya
bar pasua, Bar
beef ibbo
beer Bir
calendar torilen
chemist sangenci
cheque celena
chocolate Cokolat
chorus ulage
cigarette Sigaret
club socia
coffee Kafe
colony makun
dance perinda
engineer runci
gas hun
hotel alukan, Hotel
influenza Influenza
lava zorusu
madam hazan
nickel abejen, Ni
opera Opera
orchestra melangi
paraffin Parafin
park loca
passport tolen
patent jibilen
phonograph lango, Fonograf
piano telanna, Piano
police cekadi, Polis
post leno, Post
programme dalen
propaganda atasada
radio renbe, Radio
restaurant hepaya
sir hara, Sir
sport lubanda, ukeluda, Sport
taxi Taksi
tea Te, Cai
telegram utile, Telegram
telephone utila, Telefon
terrace fuiku
theatre lukaya, Teatro
tobacco hukave, Tabak
university kayosama, Universita
whisky Uiski
zinc idujen, Zn

IX. THE BASIC ENGLISH WORDS IN SONA